DINP Used In Children's Toys

American Chemistry Council
Phthalate Esters Panel

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is one member of the phthalate esters class of plasticizers. It is a manufacturing component of a wide variety of applications, including flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and toys. As with all commercially used phthalate esters, DINP has been extensively tested to validate its continued use. Based on existing data, there is no scientifically validated evidence that shows that the use of DINP in children's toys poses a health risk.

Research results

Research results for DINP have shown that it has a low order of acute toxicity and is not an irritant or skin sensitizer. Results of repeated dose studies indicate that DINP does not present a reproductive or developmental concern for humans. In addition, no government agency has classified DINP as a compound with the potential to cause cancer, and data from reproductive toxicity and other studies show that DINP has not shown any chronic toxic or reproductive effects at realistic exposure levels.

DINP has recently been tested for its ability to mimic estrogen in the body. The tests have been conducted in two forms, in vitro (test tube) and in vivo (live animal). Initial research results of in vitro tests for DINP have been inconclusive, showing positive results in some studies and negative results in others. The variability of these results reinforces the importance of in vivo tests for determining estrogenicity.

The ACC Phthalate Esters Panel also conducted in vivo tests for estrogenic effects. The research indicated that phthalate esters, including DINP, have no estrogenic effects on the endocrine system at realistic exposure levels.

The use of DINP in toys

DINP has been used in toys and other consumer applications for many years. Vinyl toys must use plasticizers that are excellent softeners, while at the same time maximize the life and durability of the toy. DINP has an extensive toxicity database which includes results from cancer and reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, as well as recent and ongoing research regarding endocrine modulation. Based on the available data, there is no scientifically validated evidence that shows that use of DINP in children's toys poses a health risk.